Pre-diabetes & Diabetes

What is Pre-diabetes & Diabetes?

 

Diabetes is a chronic condition where the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin or doesn’t use it effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, while type 2 is more often linked to lifestyle and genetic factors.

Type 1 and 2 diabetes can be managed through regular monitoring, dietary and lifestyle improvements, and medication, with the goal of reducing complications and maintaining overall health.

Pre-diabetes is a condition where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not yet high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes.

It serves as a warning sign, indicating that without lifestyle changes, diabetes could develop. People with pre-diabetes often show no symptoms but are at risk of complications affecting the heart, kidneys, and eyes if left unchecked.

Pre-diabetes can be managed or even reversed with early dietary and lifestyle intervention.

Symptoms

In type 1 and 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes, you may experience hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar level) symptoms such as:

  • Darkened skin on neck, armpits, or groin (acanthosis nigricans)

  • Increased thirst

  • Frequent urination

  • Blurred vision

  • Fatigue

  • Headache

  • Dry mouth

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Shortness of breath

  • Fruity-smelling breath (in severe cases)

  • Confusion or difficulty concentrating

Some people may experience no pre-diabetes symptoms at all.

In type 1 and 2 diabetes, you may experience hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar level) symptoms such as:

  • Shakiness or trembling

  • Sweating

  • Dizziness or lightheadedness

  • Hunger

  • Irritability or mood swings

  • Rapid or irregular heartbeat

  • Difficulty concentrating or confusion

  • Blurred vision

  • Fatigue or weakness

  • Pale skin

  • Seizures (in severe cases)

  • Loss of consciousness

It's important for individuals with diabetes, carers and loved ones to recognise these symptoms, as both hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia can lead to serious complications if left untreated.

Reducing the Risk of Associated Conditions

Type 1 and 2 diabetes increases your risk of:

  • Cardiovascular disease, heart attack and stroke

  • Kidney disease

  • Nerve damage

  • Eye disease

  • Foot problems

  • Skin conditions

  • High blood pressure

  • Sleep apnoea

  • Alzheimer’s disease

  • Hearing loss

  • Depression and anxiety

Diabetes diagnosis and treatment help to reduce your risk of these future health complications. The earlier the better.

Treatment Options

Your treatment options depend on the type and severity of diabetes.

Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Insulin (essential)

  • Nutrition and lifestyle modifications

Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Insulin

  • Oral medications, such as Metformin

  • Nutrition and lifestyle modifications

  • Supplements like berberine

Pre-Diabetes:

  • Nutrition and lifestyle modifications

  • Supplements like berberine

A combination of medications and lifestyle modifications results in better BSL control and health outcomes. Consult with your medical team, diabetes educator and dietitian for a tailored treatment for you.

Ready to take control of your health and have peace of mind about your pre-diabetes or diabetes?

Book an Initial Consultation with Amanda Huynh (dietitian) to start your health journey today!

We accept Medicare Chronic Health Management Plan and Private Health Insurance.